Rash on both arms?
Thanks, Nickyboo.
So i would go to the doctor this up coming week and ask for predizone.. it'll help and you can take it this early out... I wasn't two weeks post op when all this started. I would do 30 days of predizone, then go two weeks and the hives would come back... Finally after three months of it i finally got rid of the hives.. :c)
good luck and welcome to the looser bench.
Annmarie
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Seriously though. I have heard that a Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness or even total blindness. But I had not heard about the hives.
From Merck web site:
Vitamin A (retinol) is required for the formation of rhodopsin, a photoreceptor pigment in the retina. Vitamin A helps maintain epithelial tissues. Normally, the liver stores 80 to 90% of the body's vitamin A. To use vitamin A, the body releases it into the circulation bound to prealbumin (transthyretin) and retinol-binding protein. β-Carotene and other provitamin carotenoids, contained in green leafy and yellow vegetables and deep- or bright-colored fruits, are converted to vitamin A. Carotenoids are absorbed better from vegetables when they are cooked or homogenized and served with some fats or oils.
Retinol activity equivalents (RAE) were developed because provitamin A carotenoids have less vitamin A activity than preformed vitamin A. One microgram retinol = 3.33 IU.
Synthetic vitamin analogs (retinoids) are being used increasingly in dermatology. The possible protective role of β-carotene, retinol, and retinoids against some epithelial cancers is under study. However, risk of certain cancers may be increased after β-carotene supplementation.
Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency can result from inadequate intake, fat malabsorption, or liver disorders. Deficiency impairs immunity and hematopoiesis and causes skin rashes and typical ocular effects (eg, xerophthalmia, night blindness). Diagnosis is based on typical ocular findings and low vitamin A levels. Treatment consists of vitamin A given orally or, if symptoms are severe or malabsorption is the cause, parenterally.
Etiology
Primary vitamin A deficiency is usually caused by prolonged dietary deprivation. It is endemic in areas such as southern and eastern Asia, where rice, devoid of β-carotene, is the staple food. Xerophthalmia due to primary deficiency is a common cause of blindness among young children in developing countries.
Secondary vitamin A deficiency may be due to decreased bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids or to interference with absorption, storage, or transport of vitamin A. Interference with absorption or storage is likely in sprue, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic insufficiency, duodenal bypass, chronic diarrhea, bile duct obstruction, giardiasis, and cirrhosis. Vitamin A deficiency is common in prolonged protein-energy malnutrition not only because the diet is deficient but also because vitamin A storage and transport is defective. In children with complicated measles, vitamin A can shorten the duration of the disorder and reduce the severity of symptoms and risk of death.
Symptoms and Signs
Impaired dark adaptation of the eyes, which can lead to night blindness, is an early symptom. Xerophthalmia (which is nearly pathognomonic) results from keratinization of the eyes. It involves drying (xerosis) and thickening of the conjunctivae and corneas. Superficial foamy patches composed of epithelial debris and secretions on the exposed bulbar conjunctiva (Bitot's spots) develop. In advanced deficiency, the cornea becomes hazy and can develop erosions, which can lead to its destruction (keratomalacia).
Keratinization of the skin and of the mucous membranes in the respiratory, GI, and urinary tracts can occur. Drying, scaling, and follicular thickening of the skin and respiratory infections can result. Immunity is generally impaired.
The younger the patient, the more severe are the effects of vitamin A deficiency. Growth retardation and infections are common among children. Mortality rate can exceed 50% in children with severe vitamin A deficiency.
Diagnosis
Ocular findings suggest the diagnosis. Dark adaptation can be impaired in other disorders (eg, zinc deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, severe refractive errors, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy). If dark adaptation is impaired, rod scotometry and electroretinography are done to determine whether vitamin A deficiency is the cause.
Plasma levels of retinol are measured. Normal range is 28 to 86 μg/dL (1 to 3 µmol/L). However, levels decrease only after the deficiency is advanced because the liver contains large stores of vitamin A. Also, decreased levels may result from acute infection, which causes retinol-binding protein and transthyretin (also called prealbumin) levels to decrease transiently. A therapeutic trial of vitamin A may help confirm the diagnosis.
Prevention
The diet should include dark green leafy vegetables, deep- or bright-colored fruits (eg, papayas, oranges), carrots, and yellow vegetables (eg, squash, pumpkin). Vitamin A–fortified milk and cereals, liver, egg yolks, and fish liver oils are helpful. Carotenoids are absorbed better when consumed with some dietary fat. If milk allergy is suspected in infants, they should be given adequate vitamin A in formula feedings. In developing countries, prophylactic supplements of vitamin A palmitate in oil 60,000 RAE (200,000 IU) po every 6 mo are advised for all children between 1 and 5 years of age; infants < 6 mo can be given a one-time dose of 15,000 RAE (50,000 IU), and those aged 6 to 12 mo can be given a one-time dose of 30,000 RAE (100,000 IU).
Treatment
Dietary deficiency is traditionally treated with vitamin A palmitate in oil 60,000 IU po once/day for 2 days, followed by 4500 IU po once/day. If vomiting or malabsorption is present or xerophthalmia is probable, a dose of 50,000 IU for infants < 6 mo, 100,000 IU for infants 6 to 12 mo, or 200,000 IU for children > 12 mo and adults should be given for 2 days, with a third dose at least 2 wk later. The same doses are recommended for infants and children with complicated measles. Infants born of HIV-positive mothers should receive 50,000 IU (15,000 RAE) within 48 h of birth. Prolonged daily administration of large doses, especially to infants, must be avoided because toxicity may result.
For pregnant or lactating women, prophylactic or therapeutic doses should not exceed 10,000 IU (3000 RAE)/day to avoid possible damage to the fetus or infant.
Vitamin A Toxicity
Vitamin A toxicity can be acute (usually due to accidental ingestion by children) or chronic. Both types usually cause headache and increased intracranial pressure. Acute toxicity also causes nausea and vomiting. Chronic toxicity also causes changes in skin, hair, and nails; abnormal liver test results; and, in a fetus, birth defects. Diagnosis is usually clinical. Unless birth defects are present, adjusting the dose almost always leads to complete recovery.
Acute vitamin A toxicity in children may result from taking large doses (> 300,000 IU [>100,000 RAE]), usually accidentally. In adults, acute toxicity has occurred when arctic explorers ingested polar bear or seal livers, which contain several million units of vitamin A.
Chronic toxicity in older children and adults usually develops after doses of > 30,000 RAE (> 100,000 IU)/day have been taken for months. Megavitamin therapy is a possible cause, as are massive daily doses (50,000 to 120,000 RAE [150,000 to 350,000 IU]) of vitamin A or its metabolites, which are sometimes given for nodular acne or other skin disorders. Adults who consume > 1500 RAE (> 4500 IU)/day of vitamin A may develop osteoporosis. Infants who are given excessive doses (6,000 to 20,000 RAE [18,000 to 60,000 IU]/day) of water-miscible vitamin A may develop toxicity within a few weeks. Birth defects occur in children of women receiving isotretinoin Some Trade Names
ACCUTANE
Click for Drug Monograph
(which is related to vitamin A) for acne treatment during pregnancy.
Although carotene is converted to vitamin A in the body, excessive ingestion of carotene causes carotenemia, not vitamin A toxicity. Carotenemia is usually asymptomatic but may lead to carotenodermia, in which the skin becomes yellow. When taken as a supplement, β-carotene has been associated with increased cancer risk; risk does not appear to increase when carotenoids are consumed in fruits and vegetables.
Symptoms and Signs
Although symptoms may vary, headache and rash usually develop during acute or chronic toxicity. Acute toxicity causes increased intracranial pressure. Drowsiness, irritability, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting are common. Sometimes the skin subsequently peels.
Early symptoms of chronic toxicity are sparsely distributed, coarse hair; alopecia of the eyebrows; dry, rough skin; dry eyes; and cracked lips. Later, severe headache, pseudotumor cerebri, and generalized weakness develop. Cortical hyperostosis of bone and arthralgia may occur, especially in children. Fractures may occur easily, especially in the elderly. In children, toxicity can cause pruritus, anorexia, and failure to thrive. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly may occur.
In carotenodermia, the skin (but not the sclera) becomes deep yellow, especially on the palms and soles.
Diagnosis
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To be fair, when I found out I had deficiencies, I was deficient in iron, Vitamins A, B1 and D - and yes, my PCP told me that a rash that occurs on both arms in the same places can be present in a Vitamin A deficiency. I didn't research it further than that, but I can say that once I added the iron+A tabs (Ferrex 150 twice a day), the rashes disappeared and haven't been back. Again, this was three months post-op when I had an ulcer on my jejunum diagnosed and treated, so I wasn't getting proper nutrition in any way due to not being able to keep anything down.
Now, upon further research via Wiki (which is where the information you've copied and pasted is also located if you Wiki-search Vitamin A), I'm seeing that pruritis and rashes are definite signs of iron and Vitamin D deficiencies (or more accurately, hypocalcemia), so it's possible my rashes were due to that.
Iron deficiency anemia
Either way, once I added more supplements, the rashes and itchiness due to the rashes disappeared. Whether that was due to my iron, B1, D or A deficiencies, I guess I won't know for sure unless I stop taking everything which isn't going to happen.
Here's a table of rashes - signs and symptoms, locations - that may help.
Skin disease | Symptoms | Usual area of body |
---|---|---|
Acne | Rosacea | Flushed appearance or Redness around cheeks, chin, forehead or nose |
Boil | Painful red bump or a cluster of painful red bumps | Anywhere |
Cellulitis | Red, tender and swollen areas of skin | Around a cut, scrape or skin breach |
Insect bite | Red and/or itchy bumps on the skin | Anywhere and can be sprinked randomly |
Allergic reaction | Irregular, raised or flat red sores that appeared after taking medicine/drugs or eating certain foods | Anywhere |
Hives | Bumps formed suddenly | Anywhere but usually first noticed on face |
Seborrheic dermatitis | Bumps and swelling | Near glands |
Cradle Cap | Dry, scaly skin | Scalp of recently born babies |
Irritant contact dermatitis | Red, itchy, scaly or oily rash | Eyebrows, nose, edge of the scalp, point of contact with jewelery, perfume or clothing. |
Allergic Contact Dermatitis caused by poison ivy, oak or sumac | Red, itchy, scaly or oily rash; can also be weeping or leathery. | Anywhere that came in contact with the irritant either directly or via transfer (eg. from contaminated clothing.) |
Allergic purpura | Small red dots on the skin, or larger, bruise-like spots that appeared after taking medicine | Anywhere |
Pityriasis Rosea | Started with a single scaly, red and slightly itchy spot, and within a few days, did large numbers of smaller patches of the rash, some red and/or others tan | Chest and abdomen |
Dermatitis herpetiformis | Intensely itchy rash with red bumps and blisters | Elbows, knees, back or buttocks |
Erythema nodosum | Large red bumps that seem to bruise and are tender to touch | Anywhere |
Psoriasis | White, scaly rash over red, irritated skin | Elbows and knees |
Erythema multiforme | Red, blotchy rash, with "target like" hives or sores. | Anywhere |
Measles | Red rash that is raised with a fever or sore throat. | Usually starts first on the forehead and face and spreads downward. |
Chickenpox | Multiple blisters with a fever, cough, aches, tiredness and sore throat. | Usually starts first on the face, chest and back and spreads downward. |
Shingles | Red blisters that are very painful and may crust | Anywhere |
Fifth Disease | Started as a fever and then developed a bright red rash | Cheeks |
Warts | Soft bumps forming that don't itch and have no other symptoms | Anywhere |
Ringworm | Bald spot on the scalp or a ring of itchy red skin | Anywhere |
Syphilis | Rash that is red but not itchy | Palms of hands or soles of feet |
Jock itch, yeast infection or diaper rash | Red itchy rash | Groin |
Tinea versicolor | Light coloured patches | Anywhere |
Impetigo | Crusted, tan-colored sores | Near nose or lip |
Scabies | Bite-like sores that itch and spread intensely | Usually start on hands or feet and spread everywhere |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever | A fine rash with a fever and headache | Usually start on arms and legs including the hands and feet |
Lupus erythematosus | A butterfly rash with achy joints | Forehead and cheeks |
Jaundice or sign of hepatitis | Yellowish | Skin, whites of eyes and mouth |
Bruise | Blue or black area after being hit | Anywhere |
Actinic keratoses | Scaly, pink, gray or tan patches or bumps | Face, scalp or on the backs or the hands |
Keloid or hypertrophic scar | Scar that has grown larger than expected | Anywhere |
Lipoma | Soft or rubbery growth | Anywhere |
Milia | Lots of white spots | On the face of a baby |
Molluscum or contagiosum | Small, firm, round bumps with pits in the center that may sit on tiny stalks | Anywhere |
Sebaceous cyst | Bump with a white dome under the skin | Scalp, nape of the neck or upper back |
Skin tag | Soft, fleshy growth, lump or bump | Face, neck, armpits or groin |
Xanthelasma | Yellow area under the skin | Under eyelids |
Melanoma | Dark bump that may have started within a mole or blemish, or, a spot or mole that has changed in color, size, shape or is painful or itchy | Anywhere |
Basal cell carcinoma | Fleshy, growing mass | Areas exposed to the sun |
Squamous cell carcinoma | Unusual growth that is red, scaly or crusted | Face, lip or chin |
Kaposi's sarcoma | Dark or black raised spots on the skin that keep growing or have appeared recently | Anywhere |
Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) | Pink-red ring or bullseye marks | Anywhere |
The table is from this aritcle on Wiki.
Dry itchy skin is a definite sign of Vitamin A deficiency, Herc, but upon further (and quick - just worked third shift and I have to work again at 3 pm) research, I'm thinking it was caused more by the iron deficiency than anything.
Regardless, the OP should talk to her PCP and see what can be done about it. if nothing else, there are topicals that can ease the symptoms a bit.
Proud mama of Mischa and Gabriel, both born post-op.
Mandy
Sharyn, RN
RIP, MOM ~ 5/31/1944 - 5/11/2010
RIP, DADDY ~ 9/2/1934 - 1/25/2012